Yintoni ukuxhaphaka kokwahluka kwe-Omicron?

Yintoni ukuxhaphaka kokwahluka kwe-Omicron? Kuthekani ngonxibelelwano? Xa sijongana noluhlu olutsha lwe-COVID-19, yintoni ekufuneka uluntu luyithathele ingqalelo kumsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla? Jonga impendulo yeKhomishini yezeMpilo yeSizwe ngeenkcukacha

Q:Yintoni ukufunyanwa kunye nokuxhaphaka kweentlobo ze-Omicron?
A:Ngomhla we-9 kaNovemba ka-2021, uhlobo oluthile lwe-COVID-19 B.1.1.529 lwabhaqwa okokuqala eMzantsi Afrika. Kwiiveki nje ezimbini, i-mutant yaba sesona sigulo sibalaseleyo sosulelo olutsha kwiPhondo laseGauteng, eMzantsi Afrika, ngokukhula okukhawulezayo. Ngomhla wama-26 kaNovemba, owayichaza njengeyesihlanu "i-variant of concern" (VOC), ebizwa ngokuba yi-Greek letter Omicron variant. Ukusukela nge-28 kaNovemba, uMzantsi Afrika, i-Israel, iBelgium, i-Itali, iBritane, i-Austria kunye neHong Kong, i-China yayibeke iliso kwigalelo le-mutant. Igalelo le-mutant alikafunyanwa kwamanye amaphondo kunye nezixeko zaseChina. I-Omicron mutant yafunyanwa okokuqala kwaye yaxelwa eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba intsholongwane yavela eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye indawo yokufumanisa inguqu ayiyondawo yemvelaphi.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuvela kwe-Omicron mutant?

A: Ngokweenkcukacha ekwabelwana ngazo yi-COVID-19 yedatha ye-GISAID, inani leendawo zotshintsho ze-COVID-19′s zahluka kakhulu kunezo zonke ii-COVID-19 ezahlukeneyo kule minyaka mi-2 yakutsha nje, ngakumbi eSpike. Kucingelwa ukuba kukho ezi zizathu zintathu zilandelayo:
(1) emva kokosulelwa yi-COVID-19, abaguli abanengxaki yokungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba bafumene inguquko yexesha elide kwaye baqokelela inani elikhulu lotshintsho emzimbeni.
(2) usulelo lwe-COVID-19 kwiqela elithile lezilwanyana luye lwenzeka kwinguquko eguquguqukayo kwinkqubo yosulelo lwezilwanyana, ngesantya soguqulo oluphezulu kunolo lwabantu, emva koko lwaphumela ebantwini.
(3) utshintsho belukwigenome ye-COVID-19 ixesha elide kumazwe angasemva okanye kwimimandla. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokukwazi ukubeka iliso, ukuvela kwentsholongwane yesizukulwana esiphakathi akukwazi ukufunyanwa ngexesha.

Umbuzo:Yintoni ukudluliselwa kokwahluka kwe-Omicron?
A: Okwangoku, akukho datha yophando lucwangcisiweyo malunga nokugqithisela, i-pathogenicity kunye nesakhono sokubaleka somzimba we-Omicron mutant emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, i-Omicron mutant ineendawo ezibalulekileyo zokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid ze-alpha (alpha), i-beta (beta), i-gamma (gamma) kunye ne-delta (delta) iiproteni ze-spike ze-VOC ezine zokuqala, kubandakanya iindawo zokuguqula ezonyusa ukuhambelana kwe-cell receptor kunye nentsholongwane. ukuphinda-phinda. Idatha yokucupha i-epidemiological kunye nelebhu ibonisa ukuba inani lezehlo ezosulelwe yi-Omicron mutant eMzantsi Afrika lenyuke kabukhali kwaye ngokuyinxenye lithathe indawo ye-delta mutant. Isakhono sothumelo sifuna ukujongwa ngakumbi kunye nophando.

Q:Uyantlukwano lwe-Omicron luzichaphazela njani izitofu kunye namachiza e-antibody?
A: Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuba utshintsho lwe-K417N, E484A okanye i-N501Y lwenzeka kwiprotheni ye-COVID-19 S, amandla okubaleka amajoni omzimba aya kwandiswa. Kwakukho ukuguqulwa kathathu kwe "k417n + e484a + n501y" kwi-Omicron mutant; Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iinguqulelo ezininzi ezinokunciphisa umsebenzi wokungathathi hlangothi kwezinye ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal. Ubukhulu benguquko bunokunciphisa isiphumo sokhuseleko samanye amachiza e-antibody kwi-Omicron mutant, kwaye isakhono sokuphunyuka sokuzivikela kwizitofu zokugonya ezikhoyo kufuneka siqwalaselwe ngakumbi kwaye sifundwe.

Q: Ngaba i-Omicron iguquguqukayo iyayichaphazela i-nucleic acid yokufumanisa i-reagents esetyenziswa ngoku eTshayina?
A: Uhlalutyo lwe-Genomic ye-Omicron mutant lubonise ukuba indawo yayo yokuguqula ayizange ichaphazele ubuntununtunu kunye nokucacileyo kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zokufumanisa i-nucleic acid e-China. Iziza zoguqulo lwenguquko zazigxininiswe ikakhulu kwingingqi yotshintsho oluphezulu lweprotein yejini yeS, engabekwanga kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwiprimer kunye neprobe yereagent yokufumanisa i-nucleic acid ekhutshwe kuhlelo lwe-8th lwenkqubo yothintelo nolawulo lwenyumoniya yeCoronavirus (the ORF1ab ijini kunye ne-N gene ekhutshwe yi-China CDC virus isifo kwihlabathi). Nangona kunjalo, idatha esuka kwiilabhoratri ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika icebisa ukuba i-agent yokufumanisa i-nucleic acid ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-S gene isenokungakwazi ukubona ngokukuko i-S gene ye-Omicron mutant.

Q:Ngawaphi amanyathelo athatyathwe ngamazwe afanelekileyo kunye nemimandla?
IMPENDULO: Ngokujonga ubhubhane okhawulezayo we-Omicron mutant eMzantsi Afrika, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla, kubandakanywa i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-European Union, i-Russia, i-Israel, i-Taiwan ne-Hong Kong, ithintele ukungena kwabakhenkethi besuka. emazantsi eAfrika.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi iindlela zokulwa zaseTshayina?
A: Isicwangciso sokuthintela kunye nokulawula "igalelo lokukhusela langaphandle kunye ne-internal defense rebound" e-China lisasebenza kwi-Omicron mutant. Iziko lezifo zentsholongwane egazini leZiko laseTshayina loLawulo lweSifo kunye nothintelo liseke indlela ethile yokufumanisa i-nucleic acid ye-Omicron mutant, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokubeka iliso kwi-genome yentsholongwane kwiimeko ezinokwenzeka zokufakwa. La manyathelo angentla aya kuba luncedo ekubhaqweni kwangethuba kwee-Omicron mutants ezinokungeniswa e-China.

Umbuzo:Ziziphi iingcebiso zokuba ngubani oza kujongana nokwahluka kwe-Omicron?
A: WHO icebisa ukuba onke amazwe omeleze uhlolo lwe-COVID-19, ukunika ingxelo kunye nophando, kwaye athathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ezempilo kuluntu ukunqanda usulelo lwentsholongwane. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu bathathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okuthintela usulelo, kubandakanya nokugcina umgama ongange-1m ubuncinane kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ukunxiba iimaski, ukuvula iifestile zokungena komoya, ukugcina izandla zicocekile, ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla kwiingqiniba okanye iitawuli zephepha, ugonyo, njl. ukuphepha ukuya kwiindawo ezingenayo umoya okanye iindawo ezixineneyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-VOC eziguquguqukayo, akuqinisekanga ukuba ukudluliselwa, i-pathogenicity kunye nesakhono sokusinda somzimba we-Omicron mutants zomelele. Iziphumo zokuqala ziya kufumaneka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezizayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba zonke izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokukhokelela ekuguleni kakhulu okanye ekufeni, ngoko ke ukuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane kuhlala kungundoqo. Ugonyo olutsha lwesithsaba lusasebenza ekwehliseni ukugula okumandundu kunye nokufa.

UMBUZO: Xa sijongana noluhlu olutsha lwe-COVID-19, yintoni ekufuneka uluntu luyithathele ingqalelo kumsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla?
A: (1) Ukunxiba imaski kuseyindlela esebenzayo yokuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane, kwaye ikwasebenza kukwahluka kwe-Omicron. Nokuba yonke inkqubo yokugonywa kunye nenaliti ye-booster igqityiwe, kuyafuneka ukuba unxibe iimaski kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke zangaphakathi, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukongeza, hlamba izandla rhoqo kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo ekungeneni komoya wangaphakathi. (2) Yenza umsebenzi olungileyo ekubekeni iliso kwimpilo yakho. Kwimeko ekurhaneleka ngayo iimpawu zenyumoniya zekoronavirus ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukhohlokhohlo, ukuphefumla kancinci, njl., ukujongwa kwangexesha lobushushu bomzimba kunye nonyango olusebenzayo. (3) Ukunciphisa ukungena nokuphuma ngokungeyomfuneko. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla baye baxela ngokulandelelana ukungeniswa kwe-Omicron mutant. I-China ijongene nomngcipheko wokungeniswa kolu tshintsho, kwaye ukuqonda kwehlabathi jikelele kolu tshintsho kusenomda. Ngoko ke, ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu kufuneka kuncitshiswe, ukukhuselwa komntu ngexesha lokuhamba kufuneka kuqiniswe, kwaye ithuba lokusuleleka nge-Omicron mutant kufuneka lincitshiswe.